Lifte iri hafi kwinjira mubihe byubushyuhe! Gukonjesha icyumba cyimashini biba igikorwa gikenewe

Kuki kunanirwa guterura bibaho kenshi mubushuhe? Ibi ahanini biterwa nuko ibice byingenzi bigize lift muri rusange biri hejuru yinzu. Ikirere gishyushye gituma ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya mashini iterura buzamuka, mugihe urwego rwo hejuru rwubushyuhe bwibidukikije bukora bwibikoresho bishobora kuba nka dogere 40 gusa, umurongo wo kugenzura ubushyuhe umaze kurenga, sisitemu izahagarika gukora yonyine na phenomenon yo guhagarara gitunguranye cya lift hagati bizabaho. Ihindura imikorere isanzwe, kurugero, lift ihagarara gitunguranye igahagarara mubikorwa bisanzwe, lift ntifungura cyangwa gufunga umuryango mugihe wiruka ugana kumuryango, lift ntishobora guhindura umuvuduko mugihe wirukiye mumuryango, nibindi.
Uyu munsi, tuzaganira birambuye kubyerekeranye nubushyuhe bwicyumba cyimashini bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere isanzwe ya lift mu cyi. Turizera ko iyi ngingo ishobora gukurura ibitekerezo bya A-shyaka kugirango ukonje neza icyumba cyimashini ya lift kandi urebe neza imikorere isanzwe ya lift hamwe!
Impamvu ziterwa nubushyuhe bwicyumba cyimashini
1. Ahantu hubatswe inyubako yicyumba cyimashini ubwacyo

Ibyumba byinshi bya lift biri hejuru yinzu hejuru yinyubako, bimwe muribi ni icyumba cyabigenewe hejuru hejuru yinzu, igisenge ninkuta enye zicyumba ni ibahasha yo hanze. Ibahasha yo hanze izwi kandi nk'urukuta rwo hanze, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bufitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubushyuhe bwa parike, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwo mu nzu.
Mu gihe cyizuba ryinshi, iyo ubushyuhe bwo hanze buri hejuru, ubushyuhe bw ibahasha nabwo buri hejuru, bigatuma ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwo murugo bwicyumba cyibimera. Kubyumba, uko umubare munini wuburyo bwose bwo kubungabunga wabaruwe n ibahasha yo hanze, niko ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwo murugo nubushyuhe bwo hanze, bityo aho icyumba cya seriveri kigena ko aricyo cyumba cyibasiwe cyane n'ubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe nizuba ryizuba.
2. Ubushyuhe butangwa na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi

Ubushuhe nyamukuru butanga ibice bigize sisitemu yamashanyarazi mubyumba byimashini ni guhinduranya inshuro, kurwanya feri na moteri yamashanyarazi. Inverter na moteri bitwara igice cyingufu zamashanyarazi bitewe nubushobozi bwabo kandi bakarekura muburyo bwubushyuhe; feri irwanya feri ikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zakozwe muguhindura lift ikayirekura muburyo bwubushyuhe. Ibice byombi byubushyuhe bisohoka mucyumba cyimashini bigatuma ubushyuhe bwicyumba buzamuka.

(1) Inverter

Guhindura inshuro zigizwe numuzunguruko nyamukuru hamwe nizunguruka. Umuzunguruko nyamukuru nigice cyo guhanahana ingufu za moteri itanga imbaraga za voltage na frequency yo kugenzura kandi igizwe nibice bitatu: ikosora, umuzunguruko woroshye hamwe na inverter. Ibice bigize inverter, iniverisite ya bipolar transistor (IGBT), niyo soko nyamukuru yo kubyara ubushyuhe muri inverter, kandi ubushyuhe bwa IGBT bwibanze cyane mugihe cyo gufungura no kuzimya. Ubushyuhe bwo kubyara IGBTs bwibanze cyane mugihe cyo gufungura no kuzimya. Inverter ya lift igomba gutangira kenshi, bityo ikarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi.

(2) Feri irwanya

Kurwanya feri ubwayo nugukoresha ingufu mubushuhe, kurugero: iyo lift ipakuruwe ikazamuka hejuru, uburemere buremereye kuruta imodoka, rotor yimashini nkuru irazenguruka kandi igabanya umuvuduko wumurongo wa magnetiki ya stator coil , kubyara ibyiyumvo-ubwabyo, kugirango moteri ihinduka kuva mumashanyarazi ikajya kumashanyarazi, kandi izo mbaraga zivugurura zizanyura mubice bya feri ya inverter hanyuma amaherezo bizakoreshwa na feri irwanya feri nkubushyuhe. Mubikorwa byigice cyakoze ikizamini, bibiri bikoresha inshuro imwe ya lift, imwe muri lift ikoresheje imbaraga ziva hanze nkimbaraga, kuzamura amashanyarazi kubyara ingufu na feri irwanya feri yakoreshejwe, indi lift ikoresheje imbaraga ziva hanze nimbaraga- kuzigama igikoresho cyo gutanga ibitekerezo kububasha, imbaraga-zizigama ibitekerezo byingufu zivuye mumashanyarazi azamura ingufu, nyuma yo gukora mugihe runaka, gukoresha ingufu zo hanze kuruta izindi zikoresha amashanyarazi munsi ya 35%. Ibi byerekana ubushyuhe butangwa nuburwanya bwa feri, bingana na 1/3 cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi.

(3) Moteri

Imikorere ya moteri ubwayo ifite umubare munini wo gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa moteri Q = I²Rt, ubushyuhe bwarekuwe mugihe imikorere ya moteri buringaniye na kare yumuriro. Moteri yamashanyarazi ifite umuyaga mwinshi murwego rwo gutangira no gufata feri, kandi kuzamura, nkuburyo bwo gutwara vertike, bigomba gutangira no gufata feri kenshi, bizabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mucyumba cyimashini kuri lift

Ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe

1. Ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi

(1) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora gutera ibintu bidasanzwe muri gahunda yo kugenzura microcomputer

Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ku micungire ya microcomputer cyangwa PLC ikora igenzura ryifashishije voltage nubunini bugezweho kandi igasubiza ishyirwa mubikorwa ryamabwiriza yo hanze. Bitewe nubushyuhe bwibintu biranga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ku bushyuhe burenze ubwo bwemewe, urubanza rwumvikana rwibikoresho bya elegitoronike ruzaba rwibeshye kandi akanama gashinzwe kugenzura microcomputer ntigahinduka.

(2) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwangiza byoroshye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

(a) Inverter

Igipimo cyo kunanirwa kwa inverter kizamuka cyane hamwe no kuzamuka kwubushyuhe, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi buragabanuka cyane hamwe nubwiyongere bwubushyuhe, kandi ubuzima bwumurimo wa inverter bugabanywa kabiri mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwazamutseho 10 ℃.

Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije burenze ubushyuhe bwemewe, bizatera ibipimo bya inverter mumuzunguruko wa inverter guhinduka mugihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, bikavamo uburyo bwo guhinduranya, igikoresho kimwe kiba kimaze mugihe ikindi kititeguye gufunga . Mugihe kimwe, ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya inverter izagabanuka cyane, byoroshye kwangiza inverter, bikaviramo kunanirwa kuzamura.

(b) Kurwanya feri

Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru cyane, biroroshye gukora feri irwanya feri ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe igihe kirekire. Niba lift ikora kenshi, ubushyuhe bwa feri irwanya feri irundanya inshuro nyinshi, amaherezo bikaviramo kwangirika bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije bwa feri ndetse bikanatera umuriro nizindi mpanuka z'umutekano.

(c) Ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Abahuza, relay, transformateur, ibyo bikoresho bya elegitoronike mukazi, bitewe nubu binyuze mumashanyarazi na coil hamwe nigihombo cyo guhangana; Umuzunguruko wa AC kubera uruhare rwo guhinduranya electromagnetiki, muri magneti kugirango habeho igihombo cya eddy na hystereze. Ibi bihombo byose byahinduwe rwose mubushuhe bwubushuhe, igice kimwe kigabanywa mugice gikikije ikindi kiguma mubikoresho, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwibikoresho buzamuka. Muri iki gihe, niba ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru cyane, ibice bya elegitoronike ni ubushyuhe buke, umuntu azatuma kwizerwa kwibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigabanuka cyane; icya kabiri ni ukugabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ndetse no kwangiza ibice bya elegitoroniki. Imibare irerekana ko ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike buri 2 ℃, ubwizerwe bwagabanutseho 10%, ubushyuhe bwazamutse 50 ℃ mugihe ubuzima bwubushyuhe bwazamutse 25 ℃ 1/6 gusa.

2. Ingaruka kuri sisitemu ya mashini

Sisitemu yubukanishi bwicyumba cyimashini itera ni cyane cyane imashini ikurura, ubusanzwe igizwe na moteri, feri, garebox, uruziga rukurura, uruziga ruyobora, ikadiri, uruziga rwa disiki, nibindi.

(1) Ingaruka kuri moteri ikurura

Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije burenze ubushyuhe bwemewe bwicyumba cyimashini, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa moteri ikurura. Bitewe no gutangira no gufata feri kenshi, moteri ubwayo izarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwicyumba cyimashini ntibushobora kuvaho mugihe.

Nubwo igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri cyatekerejweho neza muburyo bwo gushimangira ubushyuhe bwikwirakwizwa rya stator. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bimwe byashizweho kugirango bishyigikire imipira yanyuma, bivanaho gukenera imashini gakondo, gukora intangiriro imiterere ifunguye no kongera ingaruka zo gukonjesha; gushimangira gahunda yimiyoboro ihumeka ikikije stator na rotor; kongera ubushobozi bwo guhumeka imyobo yumuyaga wumuyaga, nibindi, ariko iyi miterere ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane muri moteri. Benshi muribo bafite ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, bigenzurwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro buri hejuru yububiko bwa stator. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibanze bugeze kuri 60 ° C, ubushyuhe bwumuriro burakorwa kandi umuyaga uhujwe na moteri ikurura kugirango uhumeke kandi ukonje. Ingaruka yo gukonjesha yo gukonjesha ku gahato ntabwo igaragara mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi mucyumba cyimashini. Urebye ko ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzakomeza kwiyongera mugihe gukonjesha ku gahato kunanirwa gukonja, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifite moteri bishyushya muri buri cyiciro kizunguruka. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamutse bugera kuri 155 ° C, ubukana bwa thermistor y'imbere bwiyongera cyane kandi relay yo gukingira ubushyuhe mumuzunguruko ikora, bigatuma lift ihindura umuvuduko igahagarara kuri sitasiyo yegereye kugirango ifungure umuryango kugeza moteri gukonja mbere yo gutangira ibikorwa.

Nubwo ubu buryo bushobora kugira uruhare mukurinda moteri, amasaha menshi yubushyuhe bwizuba mugihe cyizuba hamwe no guhagarara kenshi kugirango lift ikingire bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere isanzwe no gukoresha lift.

(2) Ingaruka kuri garebox

Gearbox igizwe nuruziga rwinzoka nibikoresho byinyo. Ibikoresho byinyo muri rusange bikozwe mubikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi kandi bukomeye, ibyinshi muri byo bikozwe mu cyuma cya nikel-chromium cyangwa ibyuma bya silicon-manganese, ariko nanone ibyuma bya karubone byahimbwe na 0.4% -0.55% bya karubone, n'ubuso y'inyo igomba gukomera no kuzimya cyangwa gutwika. Uruziga rw'inzoka rukozwe mu muringa wa fosifori, umuringa w'amabati cyangwa umuringa-tin-nikel wavanze hamwe na coefficient nkeya yo guterana ukoresheje imashini. Nkuko coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bitandukanye iratandukanye, kandi coefficente yo kwagura amashyuza yinzoka yinzoka ni nka 1/2 cya coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwinzoka, mugihe ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyimashini burenze 40 ℃, ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere n'ubushyuhe buterwa no kuzunguruka no guteranya ibice biri muri garebox, byombi hamwe, ubushyuhe buri muri gare buzaba buri hejuru, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burahoraho buzatera ubushyuhe bwagutse bwibice, bityo bisenya ukuri yumusaruro wibikoresho byinyo muri garebox Ibi bizagabanya gukuraho axial ya shitingi ya turbine na shitingi yinyo, kongera ubuso bwa meshing, kongera ubushyamirane bwubuso bwihuta, kwihuta kwambara no kurira, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumyuka ya lift. , kimwe no gusakuza urusaku rudasanzwe no kwangiza ibikoresho byinyo (urugero mugihe ugenda kuri lift, uzumva ijwi ryijujuta mucyumba cyimashini iterura, kandi hazaba ihindagurika ridasanzwe mumodoka). Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukomeza muri garebox nabwo buzagabanya ubukonje bwa lubricant, budafasha kubyara firime ya lubricant kandi bizihutisha okiside ya lisansi, bigira ingaruka kumavuta yibikoresho byinyo kandi kongera imyambarire.

Nigute ushobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyimashini

1. Imiterere yo kubaka

Kuzamura icyumba cyimashini kugirango ukore uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho byo kubungabunga, kugabanya ingaruka zubushyuhe bwo hanze kubikoresho byo murugo mugihe cyizuba cyizuba, icyarimwe ntibishobora kuba kuko nicyumba cyibikoresho kandi wirengagize imiterere yo kubungabunga insulation, gabanya umubyimba wa imiterere yo kubungabunga.

2. Shyiramo ibikoresho byo guhumeka no gukonjesha

Muburyo bwo guhumeka bisanzwe, gushiraho ibikoresho byo guhumeka kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byubushyuhe bwicyumba cya seriveri, birakenewe gushiraho icyuma gikonjesha. Mugihe ushyira ibikoresho byo guhumeka (urugero: umuyaga usohora umuyaga), bigomba guhuza no gufungura umwuka mubyumba bya seriveri (urugero louvers), bigatuma umwuka uhuza, bityo bigakora intego yo kuzamura ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwicyumba cya seriveri.

3. Gukoresha ibikoresho bizigama ingufu

Ingufu zubushyuhe bwa feri irwanya feri muri kabine igenzura ihindurwamo ingufu zamashanyarazi ikabikwa muri bateri cyangwa igasubizwa mumashanyarazi, ishobora gukuraho inkomoko yubushyuhe kandi ikanagira uruhare mu kuzigama ingufu. Iyo lift ikora, kuzamura byanze bikunze bigira ingufu zo kubyara ingufu. Iyo lift ipakuruwe kandi ikazamuka hejuru no hepfo, rotor ya moteri ikururwa nimbaraga zo hanze cyangwa umutwaro ubwawo ukomezwa na inertia yo kuzunguruka, bigatuma umuvuduko nyawo wa moteri uruta umuvuduko wa syncronique wibisohoka, kuri iyi igihe moteri iri mumashanyarazi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangwa na moteri zizabikwa mumashanyarazi ya filteri imbere muri inverter. Niba izo mbaraga zidakoreshejwe, DC ya bisi ya DC izamuka vuba kandi igire ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe ya inverter. Inzira isanzwe yo guhangana nizo mbaraga ni ukongeramo feri cyangwa feri irwanya feri, ihindura izo mbaraga ubushyuhe kandi igasesagura. Igikoresho cyo kuzigama ingufu kirashobora gusimbuza feri hamwe na feri irwanya feri, kandi irashobora kugaburira izo mbaraga muri gride, kugera ku cyatsi kibisi, cyangiza ibidukikije ndetse no kuzigama ingufu.

Igikoresho cyo kuzigama ingufu cyashizweho kugirango gihita kimenya ingufu za bisi ya DC ya inverter na voltage ya gride, kandi unyuze muri processor na inverter kugirango uhindure voltage ya DC ihuza DC muri inverter muri voltage ya AC yumurongo umwe nicyiciro kimwe umuyoboro wa gride, hanyuma uyihuze na gride ya AC nyuma yo guhuza urusaku rwinshi rwamajwi, kugirango ugere ku ntego yingufu zigaburira muri gride.

4. Koresha ibice nibice byo kubungabunga bigomba gutegura abakozi babigenewe kugirango bashimangire imiyoborere

Ibikoresho byo gufata neza bigomba kugenzura buri gihe niba ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bikora neza kandi bigakora ubugenzuzi buri gihe kandi bwitondewe bwimikorere yinkomoko yubushyuhe (nka feri ihinduranya, feri irwanya feri na moteri). Mugukoresha ibice bifite lift nyinshi, bagomba guhinduranya imikorere yabo mugihe cyizuba cyizuba kugirango birinde gukoresha lift imwe gusa kugirango byoroherezwe kugenda cyangwa izindi mpamvu, byongera umutwaro wo gukora lift mugihe cyubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, igikoresho gikoresha kigomba guha buri cyumba imashini itwara ibyuma bizimya umuriro.

Mu ncamake: kwiyongera k'ubwenge bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura kuzamura ntibikuraho burundu kunanirwa kuzamura, kandi inzira yo kunanirwa kenshi bitewe no gusaza kwa lift ikoreshwa umwaka utaha ntabwo izahinduka. Ariko, muganira no gusesengura imiterere yinyubako, sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi na sisitemu yubukanishi bwicyumba cya mashini ya lift, kandi tugafata ingamba zigamije kugenzura neza buri murongo, dushobora kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyimashini ya lift buri murwego rusanzwe. mubihe bishyushye mugihe cyizuba, hanyuma amaherezo ukureho cyangwa ugabanye kunanirwa guterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kugirango tumenye neza ko lift ikorera ahantu hizewe, hatuje kandi hizewe kandi hagakorwa neza kubakoresha.