Ihame ryimikorere yubwoko 3 bwuburyo bwo gutabara byihutirwa nibibazo bigomba kugaragara

Hejuru ya FUJISJ yamye ningirakamaro cyane kubibazo byumutekano wa lift, kandi uyumunsi tuzasesengura tunaganira kubwoko 3 bwuburyo bwo gutabara bwihutirwa bushobora gufatwa mugihe habaye ikibazo cya lift.

1 Ukoresheje intoki kurekura ibikoresho byo gutabara
1.1 Ihame ryo gutahura ibikoresho byo gutabara intoki
Igikoresho cyo gutabara intoki nugukingura feri binyuze mumurongo wo kurekura kugirango imodoka igende gahoro gahoro kugirango igere kubikorwa byo gutabara. Intambwe yimikorere ya lift hamwe nicyumba cyimashini ni: guhagarika amashanyarazi, shyira uruziga rwumushoferi wa disiki kuri shitingi ya moteri (kubiziga byimodoka ya disiki ikurwaho, hagomba no kuba igikoresho cyumutekano cyamashanyarazi, gikora mugihe cyanyuma mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho uruziga rwa shoferi rurarangiye, umutabazi umwe afashe uruziga rwa shoferi, undi mutabazi atera feri kugirango imodoka igende buhoro, witegereze ikimenyetso cyurwego kumugozi winsinga, utume imodoka yimuka mukarere, fungura umuryango wubutaka n'inzugi y'imodoka yo gutabara umuntu wafashwe guteranya feri (reba Ishusho 1).

Kuri lift itagira icyumba cyimashini ifite ibikoresho byubutabazi gusa, intambwe zikorwa ni: hashingiwe ko inzugi zose z'umutekano wa shaft n'inzugi z'imiryango hamwe n'inzugi z'imodoka zifunze, uzamure feri irekuye kugirango urekure feri ya lift, mugihe uburemere bwimodoka nuburemere buringaniye ntabwo bingana, imodoka izagenda gahoro gahoro kuruhande ifite uburemere bworoshye, witegereze umwobo wo kwitegereza wabitswe kuri shitingi cyangwa igipimo cyurwego (icyerekezo cyurwego nacyo kigomba gucanwa mugihe amashanyarazi ya lift ari guhagarikwa), hanyuma ukingure inzugi zumuryango ninzugi zimodoka mugihe imodoka igeze kumwanya wo gutabara abantu bafashwe. Iyo imodoka igeze kurwego, fungura umuryango hasi n'inzugi y'imodoka kugirango ukize abantu bafashwe. Niba bibaye ko uburemere bwuruhande rwimodoka hamwe nimpande ziremereye bingana muriki gihe, gutabara birashobora gukorwa murubu buryo nyuma yuburinganire bwacitse hifashishijwe imbaraga ziva hanze [1].
1.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gutabara kurekura intoki
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko igikoresho cyo gutabara intoki za lift zifite ibyumba byimashini muri rusange bisaba abatabazi babiri babishoboye kugirango bafatanye. Kuri lift zitagira ibyumba byimashini, imbaraga zisabwa kugirango uzamure umugozi wo kurekura muri rusange ni nini, kandi iyo itandukaniro ryuburemere hagati yimodoka nimpande zirwanya uburemere ari nini, lift ikunda kunyerera vuba niba idakozwe neza cyangwa idakozwe yakoraga ubuhanga. Urwego rwihuta ntirupima gusa ubushobozi bwumwuga wabatabazi, ahubwo runatera ubwoba bwimitekerereze kubantu bafashwe.
2 Gutabara ibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye
2.1 Ihame ryibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi
Gutabara amarembo y'amashanyarazi arekuye mubikorwa bisanzwe mugutwara bateri, ingufu zingirakamaro munsi binyuze mumikorere ya buto yibikoresho kugirango igere kumikorere yumuryango. Igikoresho cyo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye muri rusange kirimo buto eshatu: gutangira, imbaraga na rusange. Gutangira na buto rusange birashobora gukanda icyarimwe kugirango tumenye irekurwa ryumwanya utari irembo, kandi buto ku gahato na rubanda irashobora gukanda icyarimwe kugirango tumenye irekurwa ryumwanya w irembo. Ihame ryo gushyira mu bikorwa ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Igikoresho cyo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye-feri muri rusange gisohora amatsinda abiri yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC: itsinda rimwe ni feri ya feri irekura-feri, ari yo BZ + na BZ- ku gishushanyo cya 2, ishimishije cyane 110V, kandi ingufu zo kubungabunga ni hafi 80V ; irindi tsinda ni 24V, rikoreshwa mugace k'umuryango utanga feri ya sensor itanga amashanyarazi kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gutabara niki gikurikira: iyo ingufu zingirakamaro zahagaritswe, urugi rwo gufunga urugi rwa coil EPB itakaza ingufu, kubwibyo byombi bisanzwe bifunze imikoranire ya EPB ifunga, muriki gihe, niba umuryango wamagorofa numuryango wimodoka bifunze, gufunga urugi rwimodoka no gufunga urugi hasi byarafunzwe, kandi ikimenyetso cyo gufunga umuryango MSO na MSI kigizwe numuzunguruko, hanyuma feri yo gufata feri ikora inzira muri 110V DC voltage BZ + ~ BZ-, coil ibona imbaraga kandi ikanesha imbaraga zimpanuka. kumenya kurekura irembo. Iyo imodoka igeze ahantu haringaniye, ikimenyetso cyo kuringaniza kirakora neza kandi diode itanga urumuri rukora, muriki gihe imodoka igeze aho iringaniye, umutabazi akingura urugi hasi n umuryango wimodoka kugirango akize abantu bafashwe.
2.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko hari ibintu bibiri bisabwa kugirango ibikorwa byiza by irembo ridakuka: (1) gutakaza ingufu zingirakamaro; (2) umuryango wumuryango ninzugi yimodoka biri muburyo bufunze. Nasanze mubugenzuzi no kugenzura, lift iyo itandukanijwe numuriro w'amashanyarazi, umuryango wimodoka uzahita ufungura icyuho cya 3cm, icyuho kizahita gifunga nyuma ya lift. Nyuma, byagaragaye ko gufunga imashini yumuryango wimodoka bifite ibikoresho byo guhunika hepfo, hanyuma isoko ihita ifungura umuryango wimodoka nyuma yo gutakaza amashanyarazi kugirango habeho icyuho. Duhereye ku kintu runaka, iki gishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe gishobora gutekerezwa kugirango byoroherezwe gutabara no kwikiza abantu bafatiwe mu modoka, ariko hari n'ingaruka 2: (1) ibyago byo gukata. Niba umuntu wafashwe imbere yimodoka agerageje gukingura urugi rwimodoka igihe abonye icyuho, iyo lift itangiye kubona ingufu, urugi rwimodoka ruzongera gufungwa, ibyo bikaba bizakomeretsa igikomere kumuntu wafashwe mumodoka; . Ibyinshi mubikoresho byinshi byorohereza amashanyarazi amarembo yabonanye numwanditsi ni hanze yumuzenguruko wumuryango, nukuvuga ko gufunga umuryango wigorofa hamwe numuryango wimodoka nicyo kibanza cyumurimo wo gufungura amashanyarazi, nacyo kikaba kitari hanze. gutekereza ku mutekano ku bakozi bafashwe, kugira ngo abakozi bafashwe badakomeretsa umuntu ku giti cye bitewe n’imikorere mibi mu modoka, ibyo bikaba binarinda umutekano w’abakozi bafashwe ku rugero runaka [2]. Niba uburemere bwuruhande rwimodoka hamwe nimpande ziremereye buringaniye, haracyakenewe imbaraga zo hanze kugirango zice impirimbanyi kugirango tugere kubutabazi, kurugero, umutwaro wo gutabara urashobora kongerwaho hejuru yimodoka.
3 Gutabara hamwe nigikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora
3.1 Ihame ryibikoresho byo gutabara byikora
Iyo imbaraga zingirakamaro zisanzwe, igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora kiri muburyo bwo gukurikirana voltage ya gride; iyo lift itakaje ingufu cyangwa icyiciro, izahita itangira gukora no gusohora ingufu kuri lift, izayobora imodoka kuri leta kurwego rwumuvuduko wabatabazi kandi itware umuryango wimodoka numuryango wumuryango kugirango ifungure kandi irekure abantu bafashwe. Igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora gisanzwe gishyirwaho cyigenga kiturutse kuri lift kandi kigahindura igishushanyo mbonera cyubatswe na inverter hamwe na moderi ikosora kandi module irahuza hamwe. Ihame ryakazi ryayo niki gikurikira: mugihe ingufu zingirakamaro zisanzwe zitangwa, igice cyubatswe mugushakisha ibikoresho byabatabazi byikora cyohereza ikimenyetso cyuko amashanyarazi asanzwe, kandi bateri ihita yishyurwa, kandi umuzunguruko wacyo ufite umutekano imirimo yo gukingira nkibisanzwe, birenze-voltage na-bigufi. Niba imodoka itari mukarere karinganiza, yubatswe muri inverter yumuzunguruko hamwe nu murongo wa rectifier bizatanga ingufu kubashoferi, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango hamwe na feri ifata uruziga, kandi imodoka izatangira kugenda; mugihe sisitemu yo gutahura ibikoresho byubutabazi byikora ibonye ko imodoka igenda yerekeza kuringaniza, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango izatangira gukora kandi umuryango wimodoka n urugi rwo hasi bizakingurwa icyarimwe kugirango barekure abantu bafashwe. Iyo sisitemu yo gutahura igikoresho cyogutabara cyikora ibonye ko imodoka yiruka igorofa, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango itangira gukora kandi umuryango wimodoka numuryango wugururiwe icyarimwe kugirango urekure abantu bafashwe. Ihame ry'akazi ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3.

Ibikurikira nurugero rwikirango cyibikoresho byo gutabara byikora kugirango bigaragaze ishyirwa mubikorwa ryacyo. Igishushanyo cy’amashanyarazi cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 4. Iyo amashanyarazi yo hanze yatakaye, umutunganyirize w'imbere azamenya ingufu nyamukuru ziva mu cyiciro (bamwe mu bakora inganda na bo banyuze mu mfashanyo isanzwe ifunze imikoranire y’inyenyeri zifunze kugira ngo bagaragaze), nyuma gutegereza igihe runaka (ibisabwa mumategeko yubugenzuzi byibuze 3s bivuye kumashanyarazi yo hanze) amashanyarazi yayo yubatswe muri rusange (muri rusange amatsinda 4 yingufu za 12V) azahindurwa mumashanyarazi ya 380V AC muri minisiteri ishinzwe kugenzura inzitizi. unyuze mubice byumuzunguruko. Impinduramatwara yo kwigunga imbere yinama ishinzwe kugenzura inzitizi noneho izagabanya 380V kugeza kuri 220V na 110V kugirango itange amashanyarazi kumuzinga wumuryango no kumuzunguruko. Niba uruziga rwa feri rufite ingufu za DC, hagomba kongerwaho igice cyo gukosora (niba feri ifite module yigenga ya feri yigenga kandi ifite module yubatswe, module ikosora ntabwo ikenewe). Ibikorwa bimaze kuvugwa birangiye, umuzenguruko wo kugenzura uzamura ibikorwa bya lift ukurikije ibimenyetso byigikoresho cyo gutabara byikora, hanyuma ukimura lift ikajya kumwanya uringaniye gahoro gahoro, icyo gihe umuyoboro wamashanyarazi wumuryango uzagenzura umuryango wimodoka kugirango ukingure bityo utware umuryango wo hasi gukingura, bityo urangize inzira yose yo gutabara. Mugihe amashanyarazi yo hanze yagaruwe, ibyiciro bikurikirana bizakorwa mubisanzwe, kandi igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntigikora muriki gihe kugirango wirinde voltage ya inverter isubira kuruhande rwumuriro wamashanyarazi namakimbirane hagati yumuriro usanzwe wamashanyarazi. gutanga hamwe nibisohoka voltage yibikoresho byo gutabara. Birashobora kandi kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko ipaki ya batiri ya 48V idatanga gusa voltage yinjira kuri inverter, ahubwo inatanga ingufu za 24V DC kubitunganya imbere.

3.2 Kugenzura ingingo zubutabazi bwikora nibibazo bigomba kwitonderwa
Dukurikije TSG T7001-2009 “Amategeko yo kugenzura, kugenzura no kugenzura igihe cyagenwe - Gukurura no gutwara imodoka ku gahato” (harimo urutonde rwa 1, 2, 3 rwavuguruwe), ibisabwa mu igenzura ku bikoresho by’ubutabazi byikora ni: (1) icyapa cyerekana izina ryuwabikoze, icyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa, nimero yibicuruzwa, ibipimo byingenzi bya tekiniki, icyapa cyizina cyibikoresho byashizweho byogutabara byikora hamwe nigikoresho (2) gihita gishyirwa mubikorwa byo gutabara nyuma yo gutegereza byibuze 3s kugirango imbaraga zimbaraga ziva hanze grid, lift ihita iringaniza kandi ikingura urugi; . .
Ibyavuzwe haruguru (1) na (4) biroroshye cyane, kandi (2) igihe cyo gutegereza imbaraga zo gutegereza birashobora gushirwaho no guhinduka. Icy'ingenzi ni Ingingo (3), mugihe icyuma nyamukuru cyahagaritswe igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntigishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa, ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora nigikorwa cyihutirwa mugihe amashanyarazi yabuze hanze. Nabonye kandi mugikorwa cyo kugenzura mbere ya lift zimwe na zimwe mugihe icyuma nyamukuru cyahagaritswe, ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora bizahita bituma lift ikomeza kugera kurwego kandi ikingure urugi, bigaragara ko itujuje ibisabwa namategeko agenzura. Mu igenzura hagomba kuboneka kumena icyerekezo nyamukuru cyumuzenguruko wo hejuru, ariko bikunze kugaragara mugikorwa cyo kugenzura ni uko icyuma cyo kumuzunguruko cyo hejuru kizagenzura ibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi cyangwa bikanavunika amashanyarazi yinyubako yose, no hejuru umuzunguruko wumuzunguruko uzaba uri kure yimikorere nyamukuru cyangwa ibikorwa byihutirwa byerekanwa, bizana ikibazo kubigenzurwa nyirizina. Kuri ibi bihe, birasabwa kongeramo ibizamini byingirakamaro hagati yurwego rwo hejuru rwumuzunguruko hamwe ninzira nyamukuru kugirango wirinde guca burundu urwego rwo hejuru ruvunika [4].
Uhereye ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo gukora inzitizi igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntabwo kiri mu bigize umutekano, ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2022 ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya TSG T7007-2022 “amategeko y’ibizamini byo mu bwoko bwa lift” nayo ntiyigeze ayashyira mu rwego rwo gupima ubwoko. Umwanditsi yizera ko ibisabwa muri iki gihe cy’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi byikora bishobora kwerekeza ku bisabwa bijyanye n’inzira nyabagendwa, nka leta y’umuryango wo hasi ndetse n’umuryango w’imodoka mu gihe cy’igikoresho cy’ubutabazi bwikora, amajwi n’umuriro mu imodoka kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza. Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekana kandi ko uko umuryango w’amagorofa n’umuryango w’imodoka ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w’ibikorwa byo gutabara, bityo hakwiye gushyirwaho andi mabwiriza. Vuba aha bizashyirwa mubikorwa GB / T 7588.1-2020 "Kode yumutekano yo gukora no kuyishyira mu gice Igice cya 1: Lift itwara abagenzi na Livant Freight" ishyiraho ibisabwa byinshi kubikoresho byihutirwa, aribyo: mugihe cya 1h nyuma yo kwibeshya, amashanyarazi agomba kuba ashoboye gukora imodoka hamwe numutwaro wose wimuka kuri sitasiyo yegeranye kandi umuvuduko wo gukora wa lift ntugomba kurenza 0.3m / s.
4 Umwanzuro
Gutabara byihutirwa nigikorwa cyo gutabara mugihe gikabije cyakazi, kandi ibice byinganda, ibikoresho byo kubungabunga hamwe n’abakoresha ibikoresho bitatu by’ubutabazi byavuzwe haruguru buri wese agomba gukora uruhare rwe mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano, ni ukuvuga: inganda zikora zigomba guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda hamwe n’ikizamini cyo mu bwoko bwa lift. amategeko agomba gushyirwa mubikorwa kugirango atezimbere ubwizerwe bwimikorere nibicuruzwa byiza; ibice byo kubungabunga bigomba gushimangira isura nubugenzuzi bwibikoresho byubutabazi kugirango harebwe niba feri irekuye Inshingano nyamukuru igomba gufatwa n’umukoresha kugira ngo ishimangire ubugenzuzi bw’ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga no gukora akazi keza ko gutabara byihutirwa.
Nkumugenzuzi wa lift, dukwiye gukurikiza ibisabwa namategeko yubugenzuzi kugirango dusuzume buri ngingo, kandi mugihe kimwe, tugomba gushimangira kwiga ihame ryakazi rya lift hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi, kugirango duhuze ibitekerezo nibikorwa. , shakisha ibibazo mubikorwa byo kugenzura, gukemura ibibazo no kwemeza imikorere myiza ya lift.

Zhou Xi. Ubushakashatsi ku igenzura rya lift ikoresha ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora [J]. Hejuru ya Chine, 2021,32 (21): 39-40,59.
Yang World. Ihame ryakazi ryibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutabara byikora no kugenzura [J]. Hejuru ya Chine, 2020,31 (14): 40-42.
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[4] Wang Chao. Ikiganiro ku ihame no kugenzura ingingo zisanzwe zidafite imashini zidafite ubutabazi bwihutirwa [J]. Ubushinwa umutekano wibikoresho bidasanzwe, 2020, 36 (7): 61-65, 70.

Byongeye gusubirwamo: Iyi ngingo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Elevator Magazine mu Bushinwa, No 14, 2022
Umwanditsi: Shen Shulin, Sheng Yiqian, Dai Yang, Cai Dawei / Ishami rya Suqian, Ikigo cya Jiangsu gishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura no kugenzura