Ihame ryimikorere yubwoko 3 bwuburyo bwo gutabara byihutirwa nibibazo bigomba kugaragara

Hejuru ya FUJISJ yamye ningirakamaro cyane kubibazo byumutekano wa lift, kandi uyumunsi tuzasesengura tunaganira kubwoko 3 bwuburyo bwo gutabara bwihutirwa bushobora gufatwa mugihe habaye ikibazo cya lift.

1 Ukoresheje intoki kurekura ibikoresho byo gutabara
1.1 Ihame ryo gutahura ibikoresho byo gutabara intoki
Igikoresho cyo gutabara intoki nugukingura feri binyuze mumurongo wo kurekura kugirango imodoka igende gahoro gahoro kugirango igere kubikorwa byo gutabara. Intambwe yo gukora ya lift hamwe nicyumba cyimashini ni: guhagarika amashanyarazi, shyira uruziga rwumushoferi wa disiki kuri shitingi ya moteri (kubiziga byimodoka ya disikuru ikurwaho, hagomba no kuba igikoresho cyumutekano wamashanyarazi, gikora mugihe cyanyuma mugihe ishyirwaho ryuruziga rwumushoferi wa disiki rirangiye, umutabazi umwe afashe uruziga rwa disiki, undi mutabazi agereranya urwego rwimodoka kugirango akore urwego rwimodoka, yitegereze urwego rwimodoka kugirango yerekane urwego rwimodoka, yitegereze urwego rwimodoka kugirango yerekane urwego rwimodoka. gutabara umuntu wafashwe. Kuri lift-ibyumba bitarimo imashini, ibikoresho byo gutabara intoki bigizwe nuruzitiro rudakomeye hamwe ninsinga zikurura insinga, kandi impera zombi zinsinga zikurura insinga zashyizwe kumurongo wugarijwe no guteranya feri (reba Ishusho 1).

Kuri lift itagira icyumba cyimashini ifite ibikoresho byubutabazi gusa, intambwe zikorwa ni: hashingiwe ko inzugi zose z'umutekano wa shaft n'inzugi z'imirongo hamwe n'inzugi z'imodoka zifunze, kuzamura feri ya feri irekuye kugirango urekure feri ya lift, mugihe uburemere bwimodoka nuburemere buringaniye butangana, imodoka izagenda gahoro gahoro kuruhande rufite uburemere bworoshye (reba icyerekezo cyerekana niba urwego rwateganijwe rugomba kuba rwerekana urwego rwerekana ko urwego ruri hejuru). guhagarikwa), hanyuma ukingure inzugi zumuryango ninzugi zimodoka mugihe imodoka igeze kumwanya wo gutabara abantu bafashwe. Iyo imodoka igeze kurwego, fungura umuryango hasi n'inzugi y'imodoka kugirango ukize abantu bafashwe. Niba bibaye ko uburemere bwuruhande rwimodoka hamwe nimpande ziremereye bingana muriki gihe, gutabara birashobora gukorwa murubu buryo nyuma yuburinganire bwacitse hifashishijwe imbaraga ziva hanze [1].
1.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gutabara kurekura intoki
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko igikoresho cyo gutabara intoki za lift zifite ibyumba byimashini muri rusange bisaba abatabazi babiri babishoboye kugirango bafatanye. Kuri lift zitagira ibyumba byimashini, imbaraga zisabwa kugirango uzamure icyuma cyo kurekura muri rusange ni nini, kandi iyo itandukaniro ryuburemere hagati yimodoka nimpande ziremereye ari nini, lift ikunda kunyerera vuba niba idakozwe neza cyangwa idakoreshwa mubuhanga. Urwego rwihuta ntirupima gusa ubushobozi bwumwuga wabatabazi, ahubwo runatera ubwoba bwimitekerereze kubantu bafashwe.
2 Gutabara ibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye
2.1 Ihame ryibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi
Gutabara amarembo y'amashanyarazi arekuye mubikorwa bisanzwe mugutwara bateri, ingufu zingirakamaro munsi binyuze mumikorere ya buto yibikoresho kugirango igere kumikorere yumuryango. Igikoresho cyo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye muri rusange kirimo buto eshatu: gutangira, imbaraga na rusange. Gutangira na buto rusange birashobora gukanda icyarimwe kugirango tumenye irekurwa ryumwanya utari irembo, kandi buto ku gahato na rubanda irashobora gukanda icyarimwe kugirango tumenye irekurwa ryumwanya w irembo. Ihame ryo gushyira mu bikorwa ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Igikoresho cyo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye-feri muri rusange gisohora amatsinda abiri yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC: itsinda rimwe ni feri irekura-feri ya feri, ari yo BZ + na BZ- ku gishushanyo cya 2, ishimishije cyane 110V, kandi ingufu zo kubungabunga muri rusange ni 80V; irindi tsinda ni 24V, rikoreshwa mugace k'umuryango utanga feri ya sensor itanga amashanyarazi kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gutabara niki gikurikira: iyo ingufu zingirakamaro zahagaritswe, urugi rwo gufunga urugi rwa coil EPB itakaza ingufu, nuko rero mubisanzwe byombi bifunze imikoranire ya EPB ifunga, muriki gihe, niba urugi rwamagorofa n urugi rwimodoka rufunze, urugi rwimodoka hamwe nugukingura urugi hasi, hanyuma ikimenyetso cyo gufunga urugi MSO na MSI kigakora umuzenguruko wa feri ya BZ ikabona imbaraga muri 110V DC irekurwa ry'irembo. Iyo imodoka igeze ahantu haringaniye, ikimenyetso cyo kuringaniza kirakora neza kandi diode itanga urumuri rukora, muriki gihe imodoka igeze aho iringaniye, umutabazi akingura urugi hasi n umuryango wimodoka kugirango akize abantu bafashwe.
2.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gutabara amashanyarazi arekuye
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko hari ibintu bibiri bisabwa kugirango ibikorwa byiza by irembo ridakuka: (1) gutakaza ingufu zingirakamaro; (2) umuryango wumuryango ninzugi yimodoka biri muburyo bufunze. Nasanze mubugenzuzi no kugenzura, lift iyo itandukanijwe numuriro w'amashanyarazi, umuryango wimodoka uzahita ufungura icyuho cya 3cm, icyuho kizahita gifunga nyuma ya lift. Nyuma, byagaragaye ko gufunga imashini yumuryango wimodoka bifite ibikoresho byo guhunika hepfo, hanyuma isoko ihita ifungura umuryango wimodoka nyuma yo gutakaza amashanyarazi kugirango habeho icyuho. Duhereye ku kintu runaka, iki gishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe gishobora gutekerezwa kugirango byoroherezwe gutabara no kwikiza abantu bafatiwe mu modoka, ariko hari n'ingaruka 2: (1) ibyago byo gukata. Niba umuntu wafashwe imbere yimodoka agerageje gukingura urugi rwimodoka igihe abonye icyuho, iyo lift itangiye kubona ingufu, urugi rwimodoka ruzongera gufungwa, ibyo bikaba bizakomeretsa igikomere kumuntu wafashwe mumodoka; . Ibyinshi mu bikoresho byinshi byo gufungura amarembo y’amashanyarazi byavuzwe n’umwanditsi ni hanze y’umuzunguruko w’umuryango, ni ukuvuga ko gufunga umuryango w’amagorofa n’umuryango w’imodoka ari byo bikorwa by’irembo ry’irekura ry’amashanyarazi, na byo bikaba bitarebwa n’umutekano ku bakozi bafunzwe, kugira ngo abakozi bafashwe badakomeretsa umuntu ku giti cye mu buryo bunoze bw’abakozi bafashwe. Niba uburemere bwuruhande rwimodoka hamwe nimpande ziremereye buringaniye, haracyakenewe imbaraga zo hanze kugirango zice impirimbanyi kugirango tugere kubutabazi, kurugero, umutwaro wo gutabara urashobora kongerwaho hejuru yimodoka.
3 Gutabara hamwe nigikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora
3.1 Ihame ryibikoresho byo gutabara byikora
Iyo imbaraga zingirakamaro zisanzwe, igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora kiri muburyo bwo gukurikirana voltage ya gride; iyo lift itakaje ingufu cyangwa icyiciro, izahita itangira gukora no gusohora ingufu kuri lift, izayobora imodoka kuri leta kurwego rwumuvuduko wabatabazi kandi itware umuryango wimodoka numuryango wumuryango kugirango ifungure kandi irekure abantu bafashwe. Igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora gisanzwe gishyirwaho cyigenga kiturutse kuri lift kandi kigahindura igishushanyo mbonera cyubatswe na inverter hamwe na moderi ikosora kandi module irahuza hamwe. Ihame ryakazi ryayo niyi ikurikira: mugihe ingufu zingirakamaro zisanzwe zitangwa, igice cyubatswe mugushakisha ibikoresho byubutabazi bwikora cyohereza ikimenyetso cyuko amashanyarazi asanzwe, kandi bateri ihita yishyurwa, kandi umuzunguruko wacyo ufite ibikorwa byo kurinda umutekano nkumuriro ukabije, umuyaga mwinshi hamwe n’umuzunguruko muto. Niba imodoka itari mukarere karinganiza, yubatswe muri inverter yumuzunguruko hamwe nu murongo wa rectifier bizatanga ingufu kubashoferi, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango hamwe na feri ifata uruziga, kandi imodoka izatangira kugenda; mugihe sisitemu yo gutahura igikoresho cyogutabara cyikora ibonye ko imodoka igenda yerekeza kuringaniza, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango izatangira gukora kandi umuryango wimodoka n urugi rwo hasi bizakingurirwa icyarimwe kugirango barekure abantu bafashwe. Iyo sisitemu yo gutahura ibikoresho byabatabazi byikora ibonye ko imodoka igenda igorofa, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yumuryango itangira gukora kandi urugi rwimodoka numuryango wugururiwe icyarimwe kugirango barekure abantu bafashwe. Ihame ry'akazi ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3.

Ibikurikira nurugero rwikirango cyibikoresho byo gutabara byikora kugirango bigaragaze ishyirwa mubikorwa ryacyo. Igishushanyo cy’amashanyarazi cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 4. Iyo amashanyarazi yo hanze yatakaye, umutunganyirize w'imbere azamenya ingufu nyamukuru ziva mu cyiciro (bamwe mu bakora inganda nazo zinyura mu mfashanyo zisanzwe zifunze umuhuza w’inyenyeri zifunze kugirango bagere ku gutahura), nyuma yo gutegereza igihe runaka (ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ubugenzuzi nibura 3s uhereye kumashanyarazi yo hanze) azashyirwa mumashanyarazi ya ACV muri rusange. inverter yumuzingi. Impinduramatwara yo kwigunga imbere yinama ishinzwe kugenzura inzitizi noneho izagabanya 380V kugeza kuri 220V na 110V kugirango itange amashanyarazi kumuzinga wumuryango no kumuzunguruko. Niba uruziga rwa feri rufite ingufu za DC, hagomba kongerwaho igice cyo gukosora (niba feri ifite module yigenga ya feri yigenga kandi ifite module yubatswe, module ikosora ntabwo ikenewe). Ibikorwa bimaze kuvugwa birangiye, umuzenguruko wo kugenzura wa lift uzatwara imikorere ya lift ukurikije ibimenyetso byigikoresho cyo gutabara byikora, hanyuma wimure lift kugirango uhagarare gahoro gahoro, icyo gihe umuzenguruko wamashanyarazi wumuryango uzagenzura urugi rwimodoka kugirango ufungure bityo utume urugi rwo hasi rufungura, bityo birangize inzira yose yo gutabara. Mugihe amashanyarazi yo hanze yagaruwe, icyiciro cya feri ikurikiranye kizakorwa muburyo busanzwe, kandi igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntikizakora muriki gihe kugirango wirinde voltage ya inverter isubira kuruhande rwumuriro wamashanyarazi namakimbirane hagati yumuriro usanzwe wamashanyarazi hamwe n’umuvuduko ukomoka kubikoresho byubutabazi. Birashobora kandi kugaragara kuva ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko ipaki ya batiri ya 48V idatanga gusa voltage yinjira kuri inverter, ahubwo inatanga ingufu za 24V DC kubitunganya imbere.

3.2 Kugenzura ingingo zubutabazi bwikora nibibazo bigomba kwitonderwa
Dukurikije TSG T7001-2009 “Amategeko yo kugenzura, kugenzura no kugenzura igihe cyagenwe - Gukurura no gutwara imodoka ku gahato” (harimo urutonde rwa 1, 2, 3 rwavuguruwe), ibisabwa kugira ngo ugenzure ibikoresho by’ubutabazi bwikora ni: kunanirwa kwamashanyarazi ya gride yo hanze, lift irahita iringaniza ikingura urugi; . .
Ibyavuzwe haruguru (1) na (4) biroroshye cyane, kandi (2) igihe cyo gutegereza imbaraga zo gutegereza birashobora gushirwaho no guhinduka. Icy'ingenzi ni Ingingo (3), mugihe icyuma nyamukuru cyahagaritswe igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntigishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa, ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora nigikorwa cyihutirwa mugihe amashanyarazi yabuze hanze. Nabonye kandi mugikorwa cyo kugenzura mbere ya lift zimwe na zimwe mugihe icyuma nyamukuru cyahagaritswe, ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora bizahita bituma lift ikomeza kugera kurwego kandi ikingure urugi, bigaragara ko itujuje ibisabwa namategeko agenzura. Mu igenzura hagomba kuboneka kugirango uhindure icyerekezo nyamukuru cyumuzenguruko wo hejuru, ariko akenshi uhura nacyo mugikorwa cyo kugenzura ni uko icyuma cy’umuzunguruko cyo hejuru kizagenzura ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi cyangwa ndetse kigahagarika amashanyarazi y’inyubako yose, kandi icyuma cyo kumuzunguruko cyo hejuru kizaba kiri kure yimikorere nyamukuru cyangwa ecran yibikorwa byihutirwa, bizana ikibazo cyubugenzuzi nyabwo. Kuri ibi bihe, birasabwa kongeramo ibizamini byingirakamaro hagati yurwego rwo hejuru rwumuzunguruko hamwe ninzira nyamukuru kugirango wirinde guca burundu urwego rwo hejuru ruvunika [4].
Uhereye ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo gukora inzitizi igikoresho cyo gutabara cyikora ntabwo kiri mu bigize umutekano, ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2022 ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya TSG T7007-2022 “amategeko y’ibizamini byo mu bwoko bwa lift” nayo ntiyigeze ayashyira mu rwego rwo gupima ubwoko. Umwanditsi yizera ko ibisabwa muri iki gihe cy’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi byikora bishobora kwerekeza ku bisabwa bijyanye n’inzira nyabagendwa, nka leta y’umuryango hasi ndetse n’umuryango w’imodoka mu gihe cy’igikoresho cy’ubutabazi bwikora, amajwi n’amatara mu modoka kugira ngo yubahirize amabwiriza. Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekana kandi ko uko umuryango w’amagorofa n’umuryango w’imodoka ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w’ibikorwa byo gutabara, bityo hakwiye gushyirwaho andi mabwiriza. Vuba aha bizashyirwa mubikorwa GB / T 7588.1-2020 "Kode yumutekano yo gukora no gushiraho igice cya 1: Lifator Yabagenzi na Lifato Yumuzigo" ishyiraho ibisabwa hejuru kubikoresho byihutirwa, aribyo: mugihe cya 1h nyuma yikibazo kibaye, amashanyarazi agomba kuba ashobora gukora imodoka ifite imitwaro iyo ari yo yose yimuka kuri sitasiyo yegereye kandi umuvuduko wa moteri ntukwiye kuba mwinshi.
4 Umwanzuro
Gutabara byihutirwa nigikorwa cyo gutabara mugihe gikabije cyakazi, kandi ibice byinganda, ibikoresho byo kubungabunga hamwe n’abakoresha ibikoresho bitatu by’ubutabazi byavuzwe haruguru buri wese agomba gukora uruhare rwe mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano, ni ukuvuga: ibice by’inganda bigomba guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibikorwa byo kuzamura inzitizi n’amategeko y’ibizamini byo mu bwoko bwa lift kugira ngo ashyirwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo yizere imikorere y’ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge; ibice byo kubungabunga bigomba gushimangira isura nubugenzuzi bwibikoresho byubutabazi kugirango harebwe niba feri irekuye Inshingano nyamukuru igomba gufatwa n’umukoresha kugira ngo ishimangire ubugenzuzi bw’ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga no gukora akazi keza ko gutabara byihutirwa.
Nkumugenzuzi wa lift, dukwiye gukurikiza ibisabwa namategeko yubugenzuzi kugirango dusuzume buri ngingo, kandi mugihe kimwe, dukwiye gushimangira ubushakashatsi bwihame ryakazi rya lift hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi, kugirango duhuze ibitekerezo nibikorwa, dushakishe ibibazo mubikorwa byubugenzuzi, dukemure ibibazo kandi tumenye neza imikorere ya lift.

Zhou Xi. Ubushakashatsi ku igenzura rya lift ikoresha ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora [J]. Hejuru ya Chine, 2021,32 (21): 39-40,59.
Yang World. Ihame ryakazi ryibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutabara byikora no kugenzura [J]. Hejuru ya Chine, 2020,31 (14): 40-42.
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[4] Wang Chao. Ikiganiro ku ihame no kugenzura ingingo zisanzwe zidafite imashini zidafite ubutabazi bwihutirwa [J]. Ubushinwa umutekano wibikoresho bidasanzwe, 2020, 36 (7): 61-65, 70.

Byongeye gusubirwamo: Iyi ngingo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo hejuru cy’Ubushinwa, No 14, 2022
Umwanditsi: Shen Shulin, Sheng Yiqian, Dai Yang, Cai Dawei / Ishami rya Suqian, Ikigo cya Jiangsu gishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura no kugenzura