Ihame rifatika ryinyundi 3 zuburyo bwo gutabara byihutirwa nibibazo byo kumenya

Filime ya Fujisj yahoraga ifite akamaro cyane ku kibazo cy'umutekano wa Lift, kandi uyu munsi tuzasesengura kandi tuganira ku buryo bwo gutabara byihutirwa bishobora gufatwa mu gihe cya Lilevator Consu

1 ukoresheje intoki zo gusohora ibikoresho byo gutabara
1.1 Ihame rifatika ryo kurekura igikoresho cyo gukiza
Igikoresho cyo gusohora intoki ni ugukingura feri unyuze kurekura imodoka kugirango imodoka igenda gahoro gahoro kugeza kumwanya wo kugera kuntego. Intambwe zintambwe ya Lift hamwe nicyumba cyimashini ni: Guhagarika Imbaraga Zimurika, Shyiramo uruziga rwa disiki ya disiki (ku ruziga rwa ruguru rukurwaho, hagomba kubaho ikikoresho cyumutekano cyamashanyarazi, gikora mugihe cyagenwe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho Uruziga rwa Dist rurarangiye, umutabazi umwe ufite uruziga rwa disiki, undi mupadiri ukingira feri yimuka buhoro, witegereze urwego rwanditse ku mugozi wa wire, kora imodoka ku rwego, fungura hasi n'inzu y'imodoka yo gutabara umuntu wafashwe. Kuri Imashini-Icyumba-Girem Igikoresho cya Intoki kigizwe niren Inteko ya feri (reba Ishusho 1).

Kuri lift idafite icyumba cyimashini gifite ibikoresho byo gutabara bisanzwe, intambwe yo gukora ni: munsi yinzugi zumutekano zose hamwe nimiryango yimodoka Uburemere bwimodoka hamwe nuburemere bwo guhangana ntabwo bungana, imodoka izagenda buhoro yerekeza kuruhande hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, witegereza umwobo wabigenewe cyangwa urwego rugomba no gucana mugihe imbaraga za lift ziri Hashyizweho), kandi ufungure inzugi nimiryango yimodoka mugihe imodoka igeze kurwego rwo gutabara abantu bafatiwe. Iyo imodoka igera kurwego rwurwego, fungura hasi kandi urugi rwimodoka kugirango ukize abantu bafashwe. Niba bibaye ko uburemere bwuruhande rwimodoka hamwe nimpande zingana naki gihe, gutabarwa birashobora gukorwa muri ubu buryo nyuma yo kuringaniza byacitse hamwe nubufasha bwo hanze [1].
1.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwishyurwa mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusohora intoki
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko igikoresho cyo gutabara intoki kuri lift hamwe nibyumba bya mashini bisaba ibibata bibiri muri rusange gufatanya. Kuri lift nta byumba byimashini, imbaraga zisabwa kugirango uzamure umuremyi muri rusange, kandi iyo itandukaniro ryiburengerazuba hagati yimodoka hamwe nimpande zo guhangana ni nini, lift ikunda kunyerera niba idakoreshwa neza cyangwa ntabwo Gukoresha ubuhanga. Urwego rwihuse ntirugerageza gusa ubushobozi bwumwuga kubatabazi, ariko nanone gutera ubwoba bwo mumitekerereze kugirango abantu bafate.
Ibikoresho 2 bya feri
2.1 Ihame ryibikoresho byo gutakaza amashanyarazi
Inkeragutabara zirekuye ku irembo risanzwe mu kwishyuza bateri, imbaraga zingirakamaro zikoreshwa binyuze mu bikorwa bya buto y'ibikoresho kugirango ugere ku bikoresho by'irembo ryamashanyarazi. Igikoresho cyamashanyarazi kirekuye muri rusange kirimo buto eshatu: Tangira, imbaraga na rubanda. Intangiriro na buto rusange birashobora gukanda mugihe kimwe kugirango umenye irekurwa ryakarere kitari irembo, kandi buto yo ku gahato na rubanda irashobora gukanda mugihe kimwe kugirango tumenye kurekurwa kw'irembo ry'akarere. Ihame ryo gushyira mubikorwa ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Igikoresho cyo gutabara cya feri muri rusange gisohoka mumatsinda abiri ya DC Amashanyarazi: Itsinda rimwe niryo voka urekuye, hamwe na bz + na bletage ya 2, hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye muri rusange hafi ya 801 ; Irindi tsinda ni 24v, rikoreshwa mukarere k'inzu ya feri ya feri ya feri kandi idashobora gukoreshwa kubindi bikoresho byamazu. Inzira yo gutabara ni izi zikurikira: Iyo imbaraga zingirakamaro zaciwe, urugi rwa LALCE TRAIL EPB itakaza imbaraga, bityo rero ubusanzwe duhurira hamwe na EPB hafi, muri iki gihe, niba umuryango wimodoka wafunzwe, Gufunga imodoka no gufunga kumuryango kumenya irekurwa ry'irembo. Iyo imodoka igeze aho aringaniye, ikimenyetso kiringaniye kigira akamaro kandi cya diode isohora urumuri, muri iki gihe imodoka igera ku mwanya uringaniye, umutabazi afungura umuryango n'imodoka yo gutabara abantu bafatiwe.
2.2 Ibibazo bigomba kwitondera mugihe ukoresheje igikoresho cyamashanyarazi
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko hari ibisabwa bibiri kubikorwa byiza byirembo ryamashanyarazi. (1) Gutakaza imbaraga zingirakamaro; (2) Urugi rwurugi n'inzu yimodoka bari muri leta ifunze. Nasanze mu bugenzuzi no kugenzura, lift iyo yahagaritswe ku mbaraga, umuryango w'imodoka uzahita ufungura icyuho cya 3cm, icyuho kizahita gifunga nyuma y'imyenda. Nyuma, wasangaga ko imashini ifunga imashini yimodoka ifite ibikoresho byo kwitwara hepfo, kandi impeshyi ihita ifungura umuryango wimodoka nyuma yububasha bwo gutakaza icyuho. Duhereye kubintu runaka, iki gishushanyo cyuruganda gishobora gufatwa nkibintu byo gutabara no kwitabarwa nabantu bafatiwe mumodoka, ariko hariho ibyago 2: (1) ibyago byo gusara. Niba umuntu wafashwe mumodoka agerageza gutoranya urugi rwimodoka iyo abonye icyuho, niba filevator ihita ibona imbaraga, urugi rwimodoka ruzavunitse umuntu wafashwe mumodoka; . Abenshi mu mashanyarazi menshi arekuye amashanyarazi yavuganye n'umwanditsi ni hanze ku rugi rw'urugi, ibyo ni ukuvuga, gusoza igihugu, urugi rw'imodoka ni cyo gitera ku irembo ry'amashanyarazi, na byo kirimo Gutekereza ku mutekano ku bakozi bafashwe, kugirango birinde abakozi bafashwe kubera gukomeretsa ku mibanire mu modoka, na we arinda umutekano w'abakozi bafashwe ku rugero runaka [2]. Niba uburemere bwimodoka hamwe nimpande zingana, imbaraga zo hanze ziracyakenewe kugirango uhagarike uburimbane kugirango ugere ku gutabarwa, kurugero, gutabara, gutabara igihe cyo kongerwaho ku gisenge cy'imodoka.
Gutabarwa 3 hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukora ibikorwa byikora
3.1 Ihame ryo gutabara byikora
Iyo imbaraga zingirakamaro ari ibisanzwe, igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora kiri muri leta yo gukurikirana voltage yinzozi zamashanyarazi; Iyo lift yatakaje imbaraga cyangwa icyiciro, izahita ishyira mubikorwa hamwe nububasha kuri lift, izakoresha imodoka kurwego rwurwego rwo gutabara no gutwara umuryango wimodoka no kurekura abantu bafatiwe. Igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora muri rusange gishyirwaho ubwitonzi bwa lift kandi nedupts ishusho ya modular hamwe na module yubatswe hamwe na regifier module na module hamwe na module bihuye hagati yabo. Ihame ryayo rikora ni ibi bikurikira: Iyo imbaraga zingirakamaro zisanzwe, igice cyubatswe cyo gutahura cyikora cyohereza ibimenyetso byerekana ko amashanyarazi ari ibisanzwe, kandi bateri ihita ishyuzwa, kandi bateri ihita ishyuzwa, kandi bateri ihita ishyuzwa, kandi bateri ihita ishinga amategeko Imikorere yo kurinda nko muri iki gihe, hejuru-voltage n'umuzunguruko. Niba imodoka itari ahantu hashyizwe mu nzego, mu karere kwubatswe no gukosora bizatanga imbaraga ku bakozi bashinzwe, imashini igenzura uruganda na feri ifata umuzunguruko, kandi imodoka izatangira; Iyo gahunda yo kumenya ibikoresho byo gutabara mu buryo bwikora imenya ko imodoka yiruka kumwanya uringaniye, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini izatangira gukora no kumuryango wimodoka no mumuryango wimodoka no mumuryango hasi uzafungura icyarimwe kugirango urekure abantu bafashwe. Iyo sisitemu yo kumenya ibikoresho byo gutabara mu buryo bwikora imenya ko imodoka yiruka kumwanya wa hasi, sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini itangira gukora no kumuryango wimodoka na etage yumuryango ufunguye icyarimwe kurekura abantu bafatiwe. Ihame ryakazi ryerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 3.

Ibikurikira nurugero rwikirango cyibikoresho byo gutabara byikora kugirango ugaragaze ishyirwa mubikorwa ryihariye. Igishushanyo cyacyo cyamashanyarazi cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 4. Iyo grid yo hanze yatakaye, igenzura ryimbere izamenya imbaraga nyamukuru (abakora bamwe na bo binyuze muri abafasha baho bafunze contact yinyenyeri), nyuma Gutegereza igihe (ibisabwa n'amategeko yubugenzuzi byibuze 3s uhereye kumashanyarazi yo hanze) Ishami rya Bateri rya 120v rizahindurwa muri 380v AC igenzura abaminisitiri binyuze mu gice cy'akarere. Ihinduka ryigunga imbere muri rusange Inama y'Abaminisitiri izagabanya 380v kugeza 220v na 110v kugeza gutanga imbaraga ku rugi rw'umuzunguruko n'umuzunguruko ufashe. Niba umuzenguruko wa feri ari DC ikoreshwa, igice cya Rectifier kigomba kongerwaho (niba feri ifite ingufu za feri yigenga kandi ifite module yigenga kandi ifite module yigenga kandi ifite module yigenga kandi ifite module yicwa, ishami rikuru ridakenewe). Nyuma yimikorere yavuzwe haruguru irangiye, umuzenguruko wo kugenzura uzakora ibikorwa bya lift ukurikije ibimenyetso byikora byikora, hanyuma ukimure lift kumwanya uringaniye buhoro, hanyuma nicyo gihe umugenzuzi wamashanyarazi azagenzura Urugi rw'imodoka gufungura bityo utware hasi kugirango ufungure, bityo urangiza inzira yose yo gutabara. Iyo amashanyarazi yo hanze yagaruwe, icyiciro gikurikirana relay kizakorwa mubisanzwe, kandi igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora ntikizakora muri iki gihe kugirango wirinde voltage yinyuma kuruhande rwinyamanswa hamwe namakimbirane hagati yingufu zisanzwe gutanga no gusohoka voltage y'ibikoresho byo gutabara. Irashobora kandi kuboneka kuva ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko amapaki ya 48v atanga gusa voltage gusa kuri inverter, ariko kandi itanga imbaraga 24v DC ikorwa ryimbere imbere.

3.2 Ingingo zo kugenzura ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora nibibazo kugirango umenye
Nk'uko byakurikiranye TSG T7001-2009 "Ubugenzuzi bwa Ellsiction, Ubugenzuzi n'ubugenzuzi buringaniye hamwe no gutwara abantu ku gahato" (harimo na No 1, 2, 3 Urutonde rw'ibikoresho byo gutabara mu buryo bwikora ni: (1) Izina ryerekana Izina ryuwabikoze, icyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa, umubare wibicuruzwa, ibipimo byibicuruzwa, izina ryibikoresho byikora byashyizweho nigikoresho (2) gihita gishyirwa mubikorwa byo gutabara mbere gride, lift mu buryo bwikora urwego kandi ifungura umuryango; . .
Ibyavuzwe haruguru (1) na (4) biroroshye, kandi (2) kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi gutegereza birashobora gushyirwaho no guhinduka. Icy'ingenzi ni ingingo (3), iyo guhinduranya nyamukuru byahagaritswe igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora ntigishobora gukorwa, ni ukuvuga igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora nikikorwa cyihutirwa munsi yububasha bwo hanze Gride. Nasanze kandi muburyo bwo kugenzura mbere ya lift mugihe ibintu nyamukuru byahagaritswe, ibikoresho byo gutabara mu buryo bwikora bizahita biruka kurwego rwo murwego no gukingura urugi, birumvikana ko utujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ubugenzuzi. Mubugenzuzi bugomba kuboneka kugirango ugabanye ibintu byingenzi byumuzunguruko, ariko akenshi uvunika mugenzurwa nuko kumena umuzunguruko hazabaho muri rusange ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi cyangwa ndetse no kumena amashanyarazi yose, no hejuru Kumena umuzunguruko bizaba kure ya ecran nkuru cyangwa ibikorwa byihutirwa, bizana ibintu bitameze neza. Kuri ibi bihe, birasabwa kongeramo ikizamini cya auxiliary hagati yurwego rwo hejuru rwumuzunguruko hamwe nimico nyamukuru kugirango wirinde gucamo ibice byo hejuru byumuzunguruko [4].
Kuva kuri lift inganda ibikoresho byikora ibikoresho byo gutabara byikora ntabwo ari ibigize umutekano, ku ya 1 Nyakanga 19-2022 "ubwoko bw'ibizamini bya Elevator" nabwo ntabwo bwabishyize mu kizamini cy'ubwoko. Umwanditsi yemera ko ibisabwa muri iki gihe igikoresho cyo gutabara mu buryo bwikora gishobora kwerekeza ku bisabwa kuri lift imodoka kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza. Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru kandi ryerekana ko imiterere yumuryango n'imodoka yimodoka ari ngombwa mu mutekano w'ibikorwa byo gutabara, bityo amabwiriza agomba gukorwa. Vuba kugirango ushyirwa mubikorwa GB / T 7588.1-2020 "Kode yumutekano kuri Elevator yo gukora no kwishyiriraho. Amashanyarazi agomba gushobora gukora imodoka hamwe nu mutwaro uwo ariwo wose ujya kuri sitasiyo yegeranye kandi umuvuduko wiruka wa lift ntugomba kurenza 0.3m / s.
UMWANZURO
Gutabara byihutirwa nigikorwa cyo gutabara mubihe bikabije, hamwe nibice bikora, ibice byo kubungabunga ibikoresho bitatu byo gutabara bigomba gukora kugirango umutekano wibikorwa, ni ukuvuga ikizamini cya lift Amategeko agomba gushyirwa mubikorwa kugirango atezimbere kwizerwa kwimikorere nubwiza; Ibice byo kubungabunga bigomba gushimangira isura n'imikorere imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gutabara kugira ngo feri idahwitse igomba gufatwa n'ishami rishinzwe gufata neza no gukora akazi keza ko gukora ibikorwa byo gutabara.
Nkumugenzuzi wa lift, dukwiye gukurikiza ibisabwa n'amategeko, kandi icyarimwe, dukwiye gushimangira kwiga ihame ryakazi rya Lift hamwe nigishushanyo cya Schematation, kugirango duhuze ibitekerezo nibikorwa , shakisha ibibazo murwego rwo kugenzura, gukemura ibibazo no kwemeza imikorere myiza ya lift.

[1] Zhou Xi. Ubushakashatsi ku bugenzuzi bwa Lift Automatic Retable Reperatic Igikoresho cyakazi [j]. Ubushinwa Lilevator, 2021.32 (21): 39-40,59.
[2] Yang Isi. Ihame ryakazi ryimiyoboro rusange ryikora ryita ku kazi no kugenzura [j]. Ubushinwa Lilevator, 2020,31 (14): 40-42.
.
[4] Wang Chao. Ikiganiro ku ihame no kugenzura ingingo z'imashini zisanzwe zifite amashini-kashe zashize ibikoresho byo gutabara byihutirwa [j]. Ubushinwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe umutekano, 2020, 36 (7): 61-65, 70.

Gusubiramo: Iyi ngingo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru The Lizator Ikinyamakuru Cyishinwa, No 14, 2022
Umwanditsi: Shen Shuli, Sheng Yiqian, Dai Yang, Diai Dawei / Ishami rya Suqian, Ikigo cya Jiagsu, Ishuri Rikururwa ry'ibikoresho byihariye